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la rue Buffon et la porte Guillier, intra-muros vers 1900
la porte Guillier / the Guillier gate
Construite sur le plan barlong cher à l’époque médiévale pour montrer la richesse de cette bonne ville de Semur en Auxois et la défendre des envahisseurs, la porte Guillier est un édifice ambivalent à la fois défensif et ostensible. Elle n’oublie donc pas l’ornement, sa façade rue Buffon en témoigne. 3 niveaux de fenêtres géminées, meneaux à colonnes et chapiteaux, linteaux trilobés, larmiers à têtes sculptées... Autant d’éléments qui adoucissent l'austère verticalité du bâtiment et tendaient à dater sa construction au XIII ou XIVe siècle. Initée par la très vénérable Société des Sciences de Semur et la ville de Semur en Auxois, la récente analyse dendrochronologique des bois des planchers et de la charpente de la porte Guillier confirme en effet un abbatage de ces bois durant l’automne-hiver 1328-1329, soit 50 ans avant la construction du rempart lui-même!
Dans le passage carrossable, sur la face intérieure du mur, la devise de la ville : ”Les Semurois se plaisent fort en l’acointance des estrangers ”...
La porte Guillier doit sans doute à son classement ”Monument Historique” en 1923 de n’avoir pas disparu.
Built on the barlong plan dear at the time medieval showing the wealth of this bonne ville of Semur in Auxois and defending it of the invaders, the Guillier door is an at the same time defensive and open ambivalent building. She thus does not forget the ornament and its frontage street Buffon testifies some: 3 levels of coupled windows, mullions with columns and capitals, lintels trefoil, drips with carved heads… As many elements which soften the austere verticality of the building and which tended to date the door from the XIII or XIV centuries. Initée by the very worthy Company of Sciences of Semur and the town of Semur in Auxois, the recent dendrochronologic analysis of the wood of the floors and the frame of the Guillier door indeed confirms a abbatage of these wood during the autumn-winter 1327-1328.
With the top of the door, on the interior face of the wall, the currency of the city: “Semurois are liked extremely in the acointance of the strangers”…
The Guillier door must with its ranking “Historic building” undoubtedly not have disappeared in 1923.
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La porte était précèdée d’un pont dormant aujourd’hui disparu qui enjambait un fossé sec. Elle s’insère dans le rempart et commande en la couvrant à la chaussée qui la traverse. Elle s’étage sur 3 niveaux. Chaque étage était à l’origine de la construction et sans doute pour des raisons défensives desservi par un escalier extérieur. Aujourd’hui les accès aux niveaux se font par l’immeuble adjacent, l'Hôtel de Massol.
Illustation: Les très riches heures du duc de Berry - Mois de Septembre - frères de Limbourg, vers 1415 (détail)
The door was preceded by a bridge sleeping now disappeared which spanned a dry ditch. It fits in the rampart and orders by covering it with the roadway which crosses it. It is staged on 3 levels. Each stage at the origin of construction and for defensive reasons was undoubtedly served by an external staircase. Today the accesses to the levels are done by the adjacent building, the Hotel of Massol.
Par les éléments immobiliers qu’il contient le premier étage de la porte Guillier montre la fonction officielle de cette pièce qui fut la chambre du Conseil des Echevins de la ville. Notamment, sous le sol de carreaux de terre cuite a été découvert le pavement richement décoré du XIVe siècle. Par son iconographie variée, par le format de ses carreaux, sa technique de fabrication par estampage du motif ensuite engobé de terre jaune et sa glaçure plombifère transparente, ce pavement est à rapprocher des quelques autres productions connues d’un atelier probablement local qui pourrait bien être celui de l’abbaye de Fontenay. Les autres éléments immobiliers de l’étage rappellent la fonction défensive de l’édifice: murs très épais, solives de plancher de forte section, cheminée monumentale...
By the real elements that it contains the first stage of the Guillier door shows the official function of this part which was the room of the Aldermen of the city. Indeed under the ground of terra cotta squares the pavement richly decorated with the 14th century was discovered. By its varied iconography, by the format of its squares, its technique of manufacturing per stamping of the drawing then yellow ground slip and its transparent lead-containing glaze, this pavement is to be brought closer to some other known productions of a probably local workshop which could wellness that of the abbey of Fontenay. The other real elements of the stage point out the defensive function of the building: very thick walls, beams of floor of strong section, monumental chimney…
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The second level where the 2 covered ways ended laterally was undoubtedly a room of the guards also equipped with a chimney. Rustic in the beginning, this part accepted at the 17-18th century of beautiful woodworks of oak then was occupied after the Revolution by a workshop of furnishing. Forsaken at the end of the 20th century it lodges today the travellers (sometimes English!) in bed and breakfast.
Le deuxième niveau où aboutissaient latéralement les 2 chemins de ronde était sans doute une salle des gardes équipée elle aussi d’une cheminée. Cette pièce reçut au XVII-XVIIIe siècle de belles boiseries de chêne puis fut occupée après la Révolution par un atelier d’ameublement. Délaissée à la fin du XXe siècle elle héberge aujourd’hui les voyageurs (parfois anglais !) en chambre d’hôtes.
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Le troisième et dernier étage, également salle de gardes, permettait gràce à ses 6 fenêtres de défendre le pont et de flanquer le chemin de ronde en ayant une vue générale et décisive. Il constitue aussi le dernier refuge possible en cas de prise de la place...
La remarquable charpente à chevrons formant fermes en chêne est donc d’origine et culmine à 20 mètres.
The third and last stage, also staff waiting room, allowed with its 6 windows to defend the bridge and to flank the curtains by having a general and decisive sight. It constitutes also the last possible refuge in the event of catch of the place…
The remarkable firm rafter frame forming in oak is thus of origin and culminates with 20 meters.
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![La porte Guillier et l'ancien Hôtel de Massol](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e5b940_86d7a1cf180e454a9c2d74fb95ccc5f7.jpg/v1/fill/w_778,h_191,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/e5b940_86d7a1cf180e454a9c2d74fb95ccc5f7.jpg)
L' hôtel de Massol
Accolé à la Porte Guillier l’hôtel de Massol fût reconstruit après l’incendie de 1593 qui ravagea la Grand-Rue, actuelle rue Buffon, n’épargnant que la Porte et quelques rares maisons. Fort de sa situation particulière précisément axée sur cette très typique rue Buffon devenue piétonne, l’hôtel a multiplié les ouvertures, coté rue, dans une belle façade classique en pierre de Bourgogne décorée de pilastres à chapiteaux toscans. A droite, très ajourée, presque italianisante, la tourelle de l’escalier qui dessert les 6 niveaux. Propriété de la même famille pendant 200 ans l’hôtel de Massol a peu subi de transformations. Ainsi, boiseries, décors de stuc, cheminées et sols de terre cuite participent-ils aujourd’hui d’une ambiance particulière et authentique.
The hôtel de Massol
Joined with the Guillier Door the hôtel de Massol was rebuilt after the fire of 1593 which devastated the Main street, now Buffon street, not saving that the Door and some rare houses. Extremely of its typical location precisely centered on the very typical street Buffon become pedestrian, the hotel multiplied the windows, street side, in a classical beautiful facade of Burgundy stone decorated with pilasters. On the right, very openwork, almost Italianist, the turret of the staircase which serves the 6 levels. Property of the same family during 200 years the hôtel de Massol underwent transformations little. Thus, woodworks, decorations of stucco, terra cotta grounds and chimneys take part today of a particular and authentic environment.
![Ecu de la famille de Massol](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e5b940_ecb5876cdd7342f9adca02b9df80f1d0.jpg/v1/fill/w_558,h_915,al_c,q_85,enc_auto/e5b940_ecb5876cdd7342f9adca02b9df80f1d0.jpg)
Plaque XVIe s. cheminée de l'ancienne chambre du Conseil des Echevins premier étage de la porte Guillier